Miscommunication is something that might happen to every one of us, every day. This could lead to confusion, animosity and misunderstanding and happens because communication is a complex phenomenon.
For the transmission model, communication is a message that moves directly from one person to another. But this doesn't happen in real life, that is why, the transactional model believes that communication involves receiving feedback and creating meaning together. For this model, one person expresses his/her interpretation of a message and the other person hears his/her own interpretation of that message resulting in a shift in meanings and interpretations.
Those interpretations are based on some internal factors such as age, religion, gender, ethnicity, race, experience or background and also on external stimuli or noise.
In order to avoid miscommunication, there are some key points that people should bear in mind. 1- Differentiate passive hearing vs active listening. 2- Listen with your eyes, ears and gut. 3- Try to understand and be understood. 4- Be aware of your personal perceptual filters.
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